The UK’s inland and coastal wetlands support internationally important populations of non-breeding waterbirds, originating from breeding grounds in this country to the high Arctic. Through the Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) and Non-Estuarine Waterbird Survey (NEWS), we monitor these populations, providing data that inform site protection, international obligations and research on the drivers of population change. This has encompassed studies of climate change and renewable energy schemes, habitat change, disturbance and the effect of introduced non-native species.